Kilroy was here is an American popular culture expression, often seen in graffiti.
Its origins are debated, but the phrase and the distinctive accompanying doodle—a bald-headed man (possibly with a few hairs) with a prominent phallic nose peeking over a wall with the fingers of each hand clutching the wall—is widely known among U.S. residents who lived during World War II.
In Britain, the graffiti is known as "Mr. Chad" or just "Chad", and the Australian equivalent to the phrase is "Foo was here".
"Foo was here" might date from World War I, and the character of Chad may have derived from a British cartoonist in 1938, possibly pre-dating "Kilroy was here".
A Quincy, Massachusetts shipyard inspector named J.J. Kilroy may have been the origin of the phrase "Kilroy was here" in WWII.
Etymologist Dave Wilton wrote that "Some time during the war, Chad and Kilroy met, and in the spirit of Allied unity merged, with the British drawing appearing over the American phrase."
"Foo was here" became popular amongst Australian schoolchildren of post-war generations.
Other names for the character include Smoe, Clem, Flywheel, Private Snoops, Overby, The Jeep, and Sapo.
Author Charles Panati says that in the US "the mischievous face and the phrase became a national joke...
The outrageousness of the graffiti was not so much what it said, but where it turned up."
The major Kilroy graffiti fad ended in the 1950s, but today people all over the world still scribble the character and "Kilroy was here" in schools, trains, and other similar public areas.
The Mitsubishi Navy Type 0 Carrier Fighter (零式艦上戦闘機, rei-shiki-kanjou-sentouki), also designated as the 'Mitsubishi A6M Rei-sen' and 'Mitsubishi Navy 12-shi Carrier Fighter', was a long range fighter aircraft operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service (IJNAS) from 1940 to 1945.
The A6M was usually referred to by the Allies as the "Zero", from the 'Navy Type 0 Carrier Fighter’ designation.
The official Allied reporting codename was Zeke.
When it was introduced early in World War II, the Zero was the best carrier-based fighter in the world, combining excellent maneuverability and very long range.
In early combat operations, the Zero gained a legendary reputation as a "dogfighter", achieving the outstanding kill ratio of 12 to 1, but by 1942 a combination of new tactics and the introduction of better equipment enabled the Allied pilots to engage the Zero on more equal terms.
The Imperial Japanese Naval Air Service (IJNAS) also frequently used the type as a land-based fighter.
By 1943, inherent design weaknesses and the increasing lack of more powerful aircraft engines meant that the Zero became less effective against newer enemy fighters that possessed greater firepower, armor, and speed, and approached the Zero's maneuverability.
Although the Mitsubishi A6M was outdated by 1944, it was never totally supplanted by the newer Japanese aircraft types.
During the final years of the War in the Pacific, the Zero was used in kamikaze operations.
In the course of the war, more Zeros were built than any other Japanese aircraft.
This particular Zero comes from the IJN 3rd Fleet (第３艦隊 (日本海軍), Dai-san Kantai).
The sixth (and final) incarnation of the IJN 3rd Fleet was formed on 14 July 1942 immediately after the disastrous Battle of Midway as an aircraft carrier task force modeled after similar units in the United States Navy.
It was centered on the new aircraft carriers Shōkaku and Zuikaku.
It played an Important role during the Pyrrhic victory at the Battle of Santa Cruz, in which the American aircraft carrier Hornet was sunk, but at the cost of many of the best air crews in the Japanese Navy.
After March 1944, the IJN 3rd Fleet was effectively merged with the IJN 2nd Fleet, and suffered through the disastrous Battle of the Philippine Sea, losing all of its aircraft carriers, including the newly commissioned Taihō.
With the loss of the battleships Hyūga and Ise at the Battle off Cape Engaño, the IJN 3rd Fleet effectively ceased to exist.
It was officially disbanded on 15 December 1944.
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yamibun 闇文 |
今回、当然大和には各地で護衛の機動部隊ウィッチがついていました。で、安全海域に突入したので、それらは分離したってのは、ミリな方は台詞から分かるよね。そして随伴の空母は千代田と千歳 （2010/08/27 07:15） |
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yamibun 闇文 |
ウィッチ搭載の翔鶴、瑞鶴、エンプラはエスコートが終了した段階で別作戦へ。当然ネウロイの行動圏内100Kmに近付いた段階で地上ウィッチのエスコートが入る、という段階ですが、それらを描くのは小説か２クールアニメじゃないと無理 （2010/08/27 23:19） |
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Barely seen, but shown as one of the carriers launching Zeroes, Chitose (千歳) was a light aircraft carrier of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.
It should not be confused with the earlier Japanese cruiser Chitose.
First laid down as a seaplane tender in 1934 at Kure Navy yard, the ship originally supported reconnaissance float planes Kawanishi E1K Type 94 "Alf", and the Nakajima E8N Type 95 "Dave".
Although it has been speculated that Chitose also carried Type A midget submarines, only her sister ship, the Chiyoda had that capability.
Chitose saw several naval actions, taking part in the Battle of Midway though seeing no combat there.
She was heavily damaged off Davao, Philippines on 4 January 1942.
She covered the Japanese landings in the East Indies and Gilbert Island in January 1942, and was damaged in the Eastern Solomons in August 1942.
As the Japanese became aware of the importance of carrier aviation, the Chitose was converted to a light carrier at Sasebo Navy Yard commencing 26 January 1943, and was recommissioned 1 November 1943 as CVL (24) and completed as carrier 1 January 1944, and assigned to CarDiv3.
Other carriers in the group included the Chiyoda, Shokaku, and Zuikaku.
Takao (高雄) was the first of four Takao-class heavy cruisers, designed to be an improvement over the previous Myōkō-class design.
The Myōkō had proved to be unstable and required modifications, which were incorporated into the Takao design.
The Takao-class ships were approved under the 1927 fiscal year budget as part of the Imperial Japanese Navy's strategy of the Decisive Battle, and forming the backbone of a multipurpose long-range strike force.
Takao was built by the Yokosuka Naval shipyards, and like her sister ships, was named after a mountain.
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yamibun 闇文 |
SW世界の高雄は魚雷発射管を降ろしているので、その部分に蓋がされているのが、画面をよく見るとちょっとだけ見えます。３Dの人に無理を言って直して貰いました。 （2010/08/29 20:28） |
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Designed along the lines of a treaty heavy cruiser, Germany, not a party to the Washington treaty, nonetheless gave little consideration to the treaty limit of 10,000 tons displacement.
The design for the Hipper-class began at 12,500 tons and increased steadily during development.
To some degree, the ships were a German response to the 8-inch (203 mm) gun French cruiser Algérie which was a counter to the Italian cruisers of the Mediterranean.
Several different gun calibers were considered for the Hipper design, but finally a battery of eight 8-inch (203 mm) guns was selected for the Hipper.
This gave them comparable firepower to a British County class cruiser, despite being considerably larger.
Troublesome propulsion limited cruising range to 5,000 nautical miles (9,000 km) at 15 knots (28 km/h) – far less than the original design goal of 6,500 nautical miles (12,000 km) at 17 knots (31 km/h).
After construction of Hipper and Blücher, the design was slightly enlarged, although major features remained similar.
Of this new design, only one of three begun was completed – the Prinz Eugen.
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The Mitsubishi F1M (Allied reporting name "Pete") was a Japanese reconnaissance floatplane of World War II.
It was the last biplane type of the Imperial Japanese Navy, with 1,118 built between 1936 and 1944.
The Navy designation was "Type Zero Observation Seaplane" (零式水上観測機), not to be confused with the Type Zero Carrier Fighter or the type Zero Reconnaissance Seaplane.
The F1M was originally built as a catapult-launched reconnaissance float plane, specializing in gunnery spotting.
However the "Pete" took on a number of local roles including area-defense fighter, convoy escort, bomber, anti-submarine, maritime patrol, rescue and transport.
The type fought dogfights in the Aleutians, the Solomons and several other theaters.
The Kyūshū J7W1 Shinden (震電, "Magnificent Lightning") fighter was a World War II Japanese propeller-driven aircraft prototype that was built in a canard design.
The wings were attached to the tail section and stabilizers were on the front.
The propeller was also in the rear, in a pusher configuration.
It was expected to be a highly maneuverable interceptor, but only two were finished before the end of war.
Plans were also drawn up for a jet-powered version (J7W2 Shinden Kai), but this never left the drawing board.
The J designation was used by land based fighters of the Imperial Japanese Navy and the W is tor Watanabe designed (though the factory changed its name in 1943 to Kyūshū.)
The J7W was developed for the Imperial Japanese Navy as a short-range interceptor in a specific response to the B-29 Superfortress raids on the Japanese homeland.
For this type of mission, the J7W was armed with 4 forward-firing 30mm cannons in the nose.
It was to be operated from land bases.
*1 連合軍側の呼称Zeroの訳として、ゼロ戦とせずに敢えて「ゼロ」としておきます。
*2 1941年には若本徹子のモデル・岩本徹三 氏が乗り組んでいた。
*3 空母への改装前。改装作業は後述のとおり1943年１月26日から８月１日まで。
*4 他の同型艦は、愛宕・摩耶・鳥海。
*5 英語では直接的に「大日本帝國海軍 決戦戦略」と表現される。
*6 ワシントン条約に準拠した英独海軍協定を1935年にイギリスと締結していた。だが本艦の排水量は英独海軍協定の制限も超過していた［重巡洋艦は排水量10,000tの制限であった］。
*7 本作品にも登場しているザラ級重巡洋艦。海外紳士元ネタ解説２期第二話も参照してください。
*8 ワシントン海軍軍縮条約の制限に従った巡洋艦。
*9 カウンティ級： 基準排水量10,400トン・全長179.8m。 ヒッパー級： 基準排水量14,050トン［公称は10,000トンで かなり鯖を読んでいた］・全長202.8m。
*10 二度の実験後の搬送中に座礁した。
*11 その後、スクリューだけがドイツに帰還した。
*12 フロート付き。俗にゲタとも言われる。
*13 高い格闘性能を持ち、いくつもの撃墜記録があるが、あくまで複葉複座の水上機としての善戦であった。
*14 stabilizer: 航空機では安定板のこと。この部分での説明では、水平安定板のことを指している。
*15 夜間戦闘機・月光のような斜銃とは異なり、通常通り飛行機の進行方向と同じ向きに装備する。迎撃機という機種ではあるが、本機が"forward-firing"であることに触れられている。
